Be CRM Savvy
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In his work in CRM consulting, Yacov Wrocherinsky has seen some disasters. One of the most recent was a large manufacturing company that spent millions on a high-end CRM system, only to realize two years later that it wasn't providing accurate forecasts. "In the old days, people used to select a system based on a decision by the higher-ups, invest millions, and if the project didn't meet expectations, they would write it off," says Wrocherinsky, founder and CEO of Infinity Info Systems, a New York–based sales technology consulting firm. "Today, expectations are different."
That's because companies now are much smarter about CRM. They want faster implementation that produces value more quickly. And vendors have done a good job of mastering the basic features and making their offerings available at price points for companies of all sizes. But that doesn't make the process of implementing a CRM strategy any easier—especially since CRM is now expected to be part of broader business strategy.
One thing's for sure: CRM is at the top of managers' minds. In a survey of S&MM readers conducted by consulting firm The Alexander Group, 35 percent of sales leaders say they will work to improve CRM in 2007, making it the third most important operational priority for the new year. Not sure if you're going about it the right way? Follow these five steps to make your CRM strategy stays on point:
1. Set Clear Business Goals
By far, the biggest mistake companies make when it comes to CRM implementation is "not thinking through what customer-facing business outcomes they want to achieve," says William Band, principal analyst for IT research firm Forrester Research, based in Cambridge, Mass. "You don't want to start using the technology without thinking about if you want to improve your cross-sell, up-sell, or call-center [capabilities]. You have to think through what business metrics you are trying to improve." Otherwise, how else will you measure success?
When Toshiba America Medical Systems (TAMS), a diagnostic imaging company based in Tustin, Calif., began a new CRM strategy, it first identified its business need: How to overcome flat growth. In the late 1990s, TAMS was losing customers as fast as it was gaining them, while the industry as a whole was growing about 10 percent.
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After extensive customer surveys, TAMS realized the problem lay in its support and service. "We just didn't have a good understanding of what customers really valued and what they wanted us to do," says Cathy Wolfe, director of marketing services.
In order to improve service, the CRM system had to let reps know when a service problem was rearing so they could nip it in the bud. Now, TAMS surveys customers at the start and midway through their relationship with the company. The results are fed into a database managed by its Cognos CRM system, which uses the data to send e-mail alerts through Lotus Notes to managers when a customer is showing signs of dissatisfaction. "It's an early warning indicator," Wolfe says. "If you don't know about it, then you don't have the chance to address it. [Otherwise] you could have a customer mad for a period of time, bad-mouthing you, and you'd never know it."
The result of the CRM implementation? Since 2001, the company has enjoyed about a 25 percent year-over-year growth rate and has seen its name rise to the top in several independent customer-service rankings.
2. Assemble a Crack Team
If it involves the customer, it doesn't involve just sales—marketing, customer service, the call center, accounting and even back-office operations merit consideration when forming CRM strategy. Although the stakeholders can vary by company, most experts suggest representatives for Team CRM come from the following: sales, to provide end-user input; marketing; IT; an executive who can translate the CRM to bigger business strategy; accounting or finance; and dedicated administrative or sales support, if any.
It also helps, Wrocherinsky says, if the group includes a champion who has the respect of his peers and can spread the CRM gospel. It can be someone who is tech-savvy, but it can also be a "difficult or skeptical candidate," he says, "who once you convert, helps other people see the light."
Picking the right people as part of the team is essential, since these folks will be responsible for making sure budget, timing, and cost expectations are realistic, and will spend the most time with the vendors in the setup process. And make sure someone on the team has some decision-making authority, or the project could get stonewalled or mired in bureaucracy.
3. Do an IT Audit
For Bob Ritter, there's one simple rule to the tech side of implementing CRM software: Meet or exceed the requirements. The CRM vendor will tell you what the parameters are for the operating system, network, hardware, software, infrastructure, etc., but there are other hidden IT roadblocks. "Maybe someone hasn't rebooted their workstation in six weeks and their resources are a mess, or the drive is up to the gills with garbage from the Internet," says Bob Ritter, president of 1stdirect.com, a CRM reseller and consulting firm in East Fishkill, N.Y. "When you're putting a mission-critical application out to everybody, you have to make sure the foundation of the infrastructure it is running on is healthy."
When it comes to choosing the actual software, there's always a basic checklist to mind, before you even get to customization. Is the software easy to use? Will it link to mission-critical applications, such as e-mail, back-office functions or accounting software? (This is especially important to consider with hosted CRM.) Is it scalable? Make sure your cost analysis includes such areas as licensing, maintenance, configuration, training and data migration, Ritter says. And it doesn't hurt to do a little detective work on your vendor's business model, because you want to make sure it'll be around for the long haul.
When it comes to security, the biggest concern used to be whether hosted software was vulnerable to hackers. Since that fear has largely been assuaged, the security concern these days is securing data on the road, says Richard Smith, vice president of CRM strategy for Green Beacon Solutions, a CRM consulting firm for mid-market companies based in Watertown, Mass. Part of CRM's value is the convenience it provides when integrated into mobile devices. But laptops and BlackBerrys get stolen and lost, so the cost of securing data on the road should figure into your tech investment.
4. Fine-Tune the Features
Determining exactly what features should figure into your software will probably be the hardest and longest part of implementation, but one of the good things about this step is that it forces a company to face how it does business and uncovers needed changes. "It's an excellent time to revisit the business process," Ritter says. "Are there ways to break up your data more efficiently? Are territories properly balanced? What communications do you want to merge or manage? Are you trying to fulfill a virtual request more efficiently?"
Running a pilot project helps avoid future pitfalls. When Johnson Controls, an environmental controls company based in Milwaukee, acquired HVAC supplier York International in 2005, one of its first priorities was integrating the new company into its Saratoga CRM system, which is used by about 2,200 employees. York's service organization was integrated relatively easily; it was mostly a matter of eliminating duplicate accounts, merging databases and training the York service folks.
But York's systems installation unit was another story. "Their business was different enough from our installation business that we didn't believe the same CRM screens and business flow could work for them," says Bill Hable, director of market planning, research and systems for Johnson Controls. "They are different in how they go to market, who their primary contact is, and they go through different routes [to prospect]." A CRM pilot ran in the spring in three district offices so they could tweak the views and fields that this particular unit needed. The new system is set to roll out the first six months of this year. "I didn't want to hear first impressions," Hable says. "They used it for three or four months so we could get a good idea about how they do business and what had to be changed."
Large companies often require a lot of CRM customization, but even small firms should tweak solutions to their needs. Donna Keller, senior vice president for Financial Advisory Consultants, based in Naples, Fla., worked with 1stdirect.com to install GoldMine CRM software. Keller says she tried out about six versions before finalizing the solution that her company will roll out early this year. Keller's firm has about 10 employees, but nonetheless needed a more uniform process to qualify prospects, move them through the sales cycle, and communicate with them the way they preferred. "Our [old CRM system] did it in a more manual way, but I was looking for something more automated so each client got the exact same experience," Keller says. "There are a lot of moving parts that go into the process, and we needed to be able to handle all the intricacies."
5. Encourage—or Enforce—Usage
Now that you've laid out your business goals, picked internal champions and designed the software of your dreams, here comes the hard part: Getting your staffers to use the system. Managers can take a carrot or a stick approach, Smith says, but the key is "reinforcing that there is one version of the truth: The report that gets driven out of CRM. If managers start letting the best sales reps submit numbers in Excel, it breaks the model."
The carrot approach is to show salespeople the value of using a system, and your CRM evangelists are essential to this. Sometimes this takes more patient training or one-on-one coaching to prove the system's benefits to your reps. But don't be afraid to enforce a hard deadline by which data must be in, call out folks who aren't following the rules and recognize big wins that get plugged into the system. "People don't want to be shamed, and if they know they've closed a big deal and the forecast always goes out noon on Friday" they'll be more inclined to become CRM converts, Smith says.
And then there's always the biggest stick: No CRM use, no commission. "Everybody suddenly gets clear on things when there is only one way to get data into the accounting system," Hable says. "I've seen guys who hate computers, but if [using CRM software] is how they get their commission check, they are experts in two weeks."
Sidebar: What Customers Want
According to the Forrester Research survey "How to Select a CRM Software Vendor" of 19 large North American and European organizations, the following CRM software criteria are considered the most important:
1. Companies expect CRM software to make its users more productive. High usability encourages adoption.
2. Analytics tools are needed to better understand customer behavior and inform decisions based on customer data.
3. The ability to support a centralized customer master data management system is critical to getting a 360-degree view of the customer.
4. Many companies reported they had started working to improve their contact center, but then moved on to focus on sales and marketing. They have stated that "CRM is never done," and work continuously on ways to improve customer interactions.
5. Companies wanted software with applications that encourage strong and flexible workflow capabilities.
6. Technologies that can be easily adapted and customized to the business environment achieve results more quickly.
7. Any software must accommodate large numbers of users and support global business.
8. Vendors without industry-relevant capabilities likely won't make it to many companies' shortlists for consideration.
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